This website was built to provide information on kanna (Sceletium tortuosum) and make it easily available to everyone.

When you wish to buy kanna we refer to online smartshop Azarius.

The information on this website was based on the following sources:

Books and articles

• Christian Rätsch. 2004. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications. Park Street Press, U.S
• Smith, M.T., Crouch, N.R., Gericke, N, Hirst, M. 1996. Psychoactive constituents of the genus Sceletium N.E.Br. and other Mesembryanthemaceae: a review. Originally published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology 50(3): 119-30.
• Smith, M. T.; Field C. R.; Crouch N. R.; Hirst, M. 1998. “The Distribution of Mesembrine Alkaloids in Selected Taxa of the Mesembryanthemaceae and their Modification in the Sceletium Derived ‘Kougoed'”. Pharmaceutical Biology 36 (3): 173–179.
• Gericke, N. & Viljoen, A.M. 2008. Sceletium, a review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119, 3, 653-663.
• Harvey, A. L., Young, L. C., Viljoen, A. M., Gericke, N. P. 2011. Pharmacological Actions of the South African Medicinal and Functional Food Plant. Sceletium tortuosum and its Principal Alkaloids. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137 (3): 1124–1129.
• Roscher, J., Posch, N. Pütz, M., Huhn, C. 2012. Forensic analysis of mesembrine alkaloids in Sceletium Tortuosum by nonaqueous cappilary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis, 2012, 33, 1567-1570.
• John Ta-yuan Lai. 1974. Part I: Total synthesis of Sceletium alkaloids. Part II: Synthesis of Potential Ring C Precursor of Vitamin B12. Rice University, Phd Organic Chemistry.

Websites and online documents

• Erowid’s Golden Guide on Kanna
• Erowid – Kanna info vault
• Azarius Encyclopedia on kanna
• Sceletium.org
• Sutherlandia on Sceletium
• Tacethno
• Herbal Rush
• Plantzafrica

Image sources

• ‘Idioblasts and leaf venation pattern’ on page ‘Botany’: Gericke, N and Viljoen, A.M. (2008), p. 654, fig. 1.
• ‘Distribution map’ on page ‘Botany’: Gericke, N and Viljoen, A.M. (2008), p. 654, fig.3.
• ‘Sceletium expansum’ and ‘Sceletium tortuosum’ on page ‘How to use kanna?’: Erowid’s Golden Guide on kanna.
• ‘Alkaloid variation’ on page ‘Chemistry’: Roscher, J. et al (2012), p. 1568, fig.1.
• ‘San rock art’ on page ‘History’: Southafrica.net on Kamberg nature reserve.
• ‘Illustration Van der Stel’ on page ‘History’: Gericke, N and Viljoen, A.M. (2008), p. 655, fig.4.